![]() ![]() Third-generation " fire-and-forget" missiles rely on a laser, electro-optical imager ( IIR) seeker or a W band radar seeker in the nose of the missile. Post Cold War: third generation ATGMs and later Generally they have an effective range of between 2,500 and 5,500 meters and penetration of up to 900 mm of armor. Second generation ATGMs are significantly easier to use than first generation systems, and accuracy rates may exceed 90%. The most widely used ATGM of all time, the American BGM-71 TOW, with hundreds of thousands of missiles built, is a second-generation system. The operator must remain stationary during the missile's flight. Examples are the Russian 9M133 Kornet, Israeli LAHAT, the NLOS version of Spike, and the American Hellfire I missiles. ![]() Automatic guidance commands are sent to the missile through wires or radio, or the missile relies on laser marking or a TV camera view from the nose of the missile. Second-generation semi-automatically command guided to line-of-sight, or semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) missiles require an operator to only keep the sights on the target until impact. ![]() Approximately, first generation ATGMs have an effective range of 1500m and the ability to penetrate 500mm of rolled homogeneous armor. Still, many countries maintain significant stockpiles. In 2012, first-generation systems were described as obsolete due to low hit probability, a limited ability to penetrate modern armour, and other issues. Other early first generation ATGMs include the West German Cobra and the Soviet 9M14 Malyutka. It used a 26 kilograms (57 lb) high-explosive squash head (HESH) warhead. It was intended to be light enough to deploy with airborne forces, yet powerful enough to knock out any tank then in service. It was jointly developed by Australia and the United Kingdom between 19, and was in service from 1958 until gradually replaced by the Vickers Vigilant missile in the late 1960s. The Malkara missile (named from an Australian Aborigine word for " shield") was one of the earliest ATGMs. It was also the first anti-tank missile used by the US Army and Israeli Defense Forces. It entered service in the French Army in 1955. The first system to become operational and to see combat was the French Nord SS.10 during the early 1950s. Because of this, the operator is vulnerable while guiding the missile. To do this, an operator must be well trained (spending many hours on a simulator) and must remain stationary and in view of a target during the flight time of the missile. One disadvantage of this is that an operator must keep the sight's reticle cross hairs on a target and then steer the missile into the cross hairs, i.e., the line-of-sight. This requires continuous input from an operator using a joystick or similar control system to steer the missile to a target. Early Cold War: first generation ATGMs įirst-generation ATGMs use a type of command guidance termed manual command to line of sight (MCLOS). It never entered service, though a few were produced. Known as the X-7, it was probably never used in combat and allegedly had serious guidance to target issues. Germany developed a design for a wire-guided anti tank missile derived from the Ruhrstahl X-4 air to air missile concept in the closing years of World War II. PARS 3 LR fire-and-forget missile of the German Army World War II Post-Cold-War main battle tanks (MBTs) using composite and reactive armors have proven to be resistant to smaller ATGMs. The introduction of semi-automatic guidance in the 1960s further improved the performance of ATGMs.Īs of 2016, ATGMs were used by over 130 countries and many non-state actors around the world. It was the combination of rocket propulsion and remote wire guidance that made the ATGM much more effective than these earlier weapons, and gave light infantry real capability on the battlefield against post-war tank designs. Rocket-propelled high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) systems appeared in World War II and extended range to the order of hundreds of metres, but accuracy was low and hitting targets at these ranges was largely a matter of luck. ATGMs range in size from shoulder-launched weapons, which can be transported by a single soldier, to larger tripod-mounted weapons, which require a squad or team to transport and fire, to vehicle and aircraft mounted missile systems.Įarlier man-portable anti-tank weapons like anti-tank rifles and magnetic anti-tank mines, generally had very short range, sometimes on the order of metres or tens of metres. The 9M133 Kornet tripod-mounted ATGM of the Russian Ground ForcesĪn anti-tank guided missile ( ATGM), anti-tank missile, anti-tank guided weapon ( ATGW) or anti-armor guided weapon is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles. ![]()
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